Comparison of Dubowitz scoring versus Ballard scoring for assessment of fetal maturation of newly born infants setting

Background: Different scoring systems based on neurological and physical examination are used in the neonatal units for assessment of gestational age. Assessment of gestational age is very much helpful in labelling the newborn to be preterm, term or post – term and to assess the further outcome of the newborn infants. Present study was performed to test the accuracy and reliability of the Ballard scoring system as compared to Dubowitz scoring system on 250 newborn infants and their correlation with the gestational age as calculated from first day of mother’s last menstrual period. In infants of 38 weeks onwards correlation of gestational age was done with the extension of plantar creases over sole.Methods: Infants studied were selected from infants born in Muzaffarnagar Medical College and Hospital Muzaffarnagar and those infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. First of all methods of eliciting different criteria were experienced by examining several newborn infants and then Dubowitz and Ballard scoring system were performed separately and gestational age assessed. crease was measured, using metallic scale from base of great toe after stretching the sole.Results: Gestational ages estimated by Ballard scoring system and Dubowitz system strongly correlated with the gestational ages computed from the date of mother’s last menstrual period. The coefficient of correlation calculated between Ballard and Dubowitz scoring system showed perfect positive correlation on the regression line.  Association of gestational age with the length of sole crease was also very significant.Conclusions: The clinical test of maturation described by Ballard et al and which is evaluated in the present study, takes a balanced look at physical and neurological maturation and included those items found to be most useful regardless of the presence or absence of diseased state.

A study on prevalence of metabolic syndrome in general population in Western Uttar Pradesh, India

Background: A global transition in the disease pattern has been observed, where the relative impact of infectious disease is decreasing while chronic disease like cardiovascular disease and diabetes are increasingly dominating the disease pattern. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex web of metabolic factors that are associated with a 2-fold increased risk of CVD and 5-fold risk of diabetes.Methods: A total of 350 patients were included and a cross sectional study was conducted to identify metabolic syndrome prevalence and to evaluate risk factor for development of metabolic syndrome.Results: 48% of participants were male and 52% were female our results showed a BMI of 22.11±3.57 in male and 22.16±2.82 in females. The overall prevalence of overweight was 31%. This study also showed significantly higher rate of metabolic syndrome in older age group i.e. 9.38% in age group of 30-39 years and 26.98% in 60-70 age group. Proportionally more subjects with MetS (74%) have sedentary life style as compared to those without MetS (54%).Conclusions: The prevalence of Metabolic syndrome varies among ethnic groups. Indians are at high risk for ASCVD and their predisposition. The high prevalence of overweight and obesity was one of the major driving force in the development of MetS

A study of risk factors in young patients of myocardial infarction

Background: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality burden in the world. Young patients with CAD are specific subset of population requiring attention. A variety of possible contributing factors  that include substance abuse, coronary artery anomalies, hypercoagulablestate, oral contraceptive use in young women have been implicated for the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction. The purpose of this study is to collect data of young patients presenting with AMI so that it would be helpful in future for better management in this particular group of patients. Aim of the present investigation was to study clinical profile of acute myocardial infarction in young patients 18-45 years of age and to study the incidence of various risk factors in young patients with myocardial infarction.Methods: The study was conducted in Department of medicine of Santosh medical college & hospital. Study was conducted on 50 cases of acute myocardial infarction if they satisfied the following selection criteria after getting formal consent and ethical clearance.Results: In our study, we have examined patients of myocardial infarction who are aged between 18-45 yrs. and other eligibility criteria for the assessment of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors in Ghaziabad area. The ratio of male to female sex ratio in our study is 5.25:1 and 64% of the patients in present study had anterior wall MI while 24% had inferior wall MI and 12% had antero-septal wall MI.Conclusions: Mean age of study group is 36.24 ±4.32 years. The maximum number of patients was in 35-40 years of age. Youngest patient was 25 years old male. The incidence of acute myocardial infarction is increasing in younger age group.

Waterlogging tolerance in black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] is associated with chlorophyll content and membrane integrity

Black gram (Vigna mungo L.) is waterlogging sensitive legume crop. We studied the effect of waterlogging stress on membrane stability index (MSI), lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence in four Vigna genotypes namely (Uttara, T-44, IC530491, IC519330). Stress was imposed for 10 days at vegetative stage (30 days after sowing). Thereafter, excess water was drained to allow recovery in stressed plants. Waterlogging treatment significantly increased lipid peroxidation and SOD activity in all the genotypes, which showed the oxidative injury posed by stress conditions. Chlorophyll content and fluorescence reduced under stress conditions. SOD activity, MSI and chlorophyll content was more in IC530491 and IC519330, T44 as compared to Uttara. Lipid peroxidation was high in Uttara. Though chlorophyll fluorescence reduced in all the genotypes under waterlogging, genotypic differences were non-significant. More efficient antioxidative scavenging to maintain membrane stability and chlorophyll content in black gram was found to be associated with tolerance to waterlogging

SYNTHESIS AND IN-VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES OF SOME NEW PYRAZOLONES

In the present scenario antibacterial agents are the greatest contribution of chemotherapy. They have great importance in the developing countries where infectious diseases predominate. Pyrazolone derivatives are an important class of heterocyclic compounds that occur in many drugs and synthetic products. It has a particular value due to their broad spectrum of biological activities and their utility as synthetic tools in the design of various bioactive molecules. It is also exhibited analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activity. In the present study, a series of 3-methyl-N-(substituted phenyl)-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide (3a-g) were synthesized by the reaction of thiosemicarbazides (1) and ethylacetoacetate (2) in DMF. The synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and elemental analysis. All synthesized compounds were screened for antimicrobial activities using disc diffusion technique against four bacterial pathogens viz Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus anthracis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa & two fungal pathogens namely Candida albicanes, Aspergillus niger. Chloramphenicol and Fluconazole were used as standard drug respectively. The compounds exhibit moderate activity

Solitary Periosteal Osteoma of the Mandible : A case report

Osteoma of the jaw bones is a rare entity with very few cases reported in the literature. Osteomas are benign, slow-growing osteogenic tumours of the bone commonly encountered in the craniofacial skeleton and characterised by the proliferation of compact or cancellous bone. They can be central, peripheral or extra-skeletal in their location. In the facial region, periosteal osteomas occur more frequently in the paranasal sinuses, but solitary periosteal osteomas of the jaw bones are quite rare. The mandible is more commonly affected than the maxilla, with the sites of predilection being the lingual aspect of the body, the angle and the inferior border. We report a case of a solitary periosteal osteoma on the buccal aspect of the mandible in a 42-year-old woman.

SUSHRUTA’S GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF FRACTURE CARE TREATMENT & MANAGEMENT

Orthopedic conditions are well explained and documented in the literature of Ayurveda in the name of “Bhagna Chikitsa”. Many of the new techniques are developed for the management as per the condition. Acharya Sushruta described exclusively about fracture, its etiology, classification and various modalities of the management. Bhagna in ancient period were commonly encountered problem occurs in wars and attacks by animals etc but in the present time these are commonly as a result of RTA. Bhagna was explained by Acharaya Sushruta depending upon nature of trauma, shape of fracture, displacement of fracture fragments and fracture with or without wound. If it occurs in the bone it is called as Kand bhagna (bone fracture) and in the joint it is called as Sandhimoksha (dislocation). The principle of fracture management defined by Acharya Sushruta centuries ago are as per condition suggests conservative or surgical treatment. Conservative modalities includes Kushabandha, Alepa, Chakrayoga, Taila Droni, etc are still relevant. The western medicines takes over in the management of complicated fractures with the introduction of many surgical instruments like the intramedullary nails, etc & delays fracture union and healing potential. This paper expounds the wisdom of orthopedic branch in ancient times especially fracture & its management with possible modern correlation and how much knowledge existed and how well organized was it so many centuries ago. It would be worthwhile to explore these unique features for use in present times. The concepts, theories and techniques practiced several thousand years ago hold true even in today’s modern era

COLLATED UPSHOT OF INDIGENOUS DRUGS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PARIKARTIKA W.S.R TO FISSURE-IN-ANO

The deleterious dietetic habit and regimes leads to digestive disturbances; which further leads to disturbances in bowel habits. Among these disorders Parikartika is one in which patient experiences unendurable pain during and after defecation, burning sensation etc. due to agony of pain patient avoids to defecate, hence constipated. Fissure-in-ano afflicts both sexes but males suffer posteriorly while females suffer anteriorly. Until now some drugs were tried as an external application to relieve the pain and healing of the ulcer. This study was conducted to find the efficacy Ayurvedic drug over the standard modern drug. The patients attending OPD & IPD of Jammu Institute of Ayurveda and Research College and Hospital, were the source for study. 30 patients were clinically diagnosed as Parikartika were selected randomly and divided into two groups. Group A: Comprised of 15 patients and they were administered internally with Vedanasthapana Kshaya 1 Pala b.d, Erandbhrshta Haritaki at bed time, local application of Karpoora Ghrita 4 times a day and sitz bath with Panchvalakala Kwatha three times a day and before and after the defecation. Group B: Consisted of 15 patients and were administered internally with Ofloxacin, Ornidazole (200+500mg) combination b.d, Diclofenac sodium (50mg) b.d, Sodium picosulfate 1 tsf bedtime, sitz bath with lukewarm water. Duration of treatment was two months. The patients were followed up fortnightly for a period of two months. Both the groups had shown statistically significant changes. The therapy provided significant relief and healing of ulcer in this study. Therefore prescription from Bhaishjya Ratnawali of Karpoora Ghrita and Pachvalkala Kwatha along with Acharya Charak prescription of Vedanasthapana Kshaya and Anubhutta Yoga of Erandbhrshta Haritaki showed good and alternative result for the modern standard prescription

Disseminated Histoplasmosis in an Immunocompetent Host presenting as Pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO)

Histoplasmosis is a progressive granulomatous disease caused by intracellular dimorphic  fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. The fungus present in the soil infects through inhalational route and can manifest as any of the three main types – Acute primary pulmonary type, chronic cavitatory or progressive  disseminated. In Disseminated histopasmosis (DH) the fungus is detected from more than one location in the body. This is the rarest form of all three types and is usually present in immunocompromised individuals. We report the case of a 27-year-old immunocompetent patient who presented with prolonged fever, weight loss, pain abdomen and skin lesions. She was found to have hepatosplenomegaly and pancytopenia. Biopsy from skin lesions and bone marrow stained positive for Histoplasma capsulatum sp. She was treated with amphotericin B for 28 days, followed by oral itraconazole for 6 months, leading to complete resolution of the disease. This case is interesting due to the presence of disseminated histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent host with prominent skin lesions

Schwannoma of the infratemporal fossa - A rare case report

Schwannoma is a benign nerve sheath tumour that originates from schwann cells of the peripheral nerve. In spite of constituting 25-40% of head and neck tumours its in-traoral presentation is rare which accounts for only 1%. The purpose of this case report is to highlight the rarity of this lesion, to emphasize the significance of an accurate diagnosis and to include tumours of nerve sheath origin in the differential diagnosis of facial asymmetry